Research Article | | Peer-Reviewed

The Release and Registration of “Kejewa” Malt Barley (HordeumdistichonL.) Variety

Received: 22 October 2025     Accepted: 2 December 2025     Published: 30 December 2025
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Abstract

Kejewais a common name for newly released six row type malt barley (HordeiumvulgareL.) variety with a pedigree designation of TOCTE/M112/6/VMORALES CBSS04 M00436T-11M-0Y-0M-3M-0AP. The variety has been developed and released by Sinana agricultural research center for commercial production in the high potential barley growing areas. It has been tested at Sinana, Robe, Adet and Jima areas during 2022-2023 main cropping seasons. Kejewa showed high mean grain yield, tolerant to major barley disease and relatively stable across locations and years than the standard checks (HB1963, Moeta and HB1964) with good physical and malting quality acceptable for industrial demand. The malt quality parameters including malt extract, protein content and friability were evaluate and comparative to the standard sated by the malt factories for malt production in the country. Kejewa was tolerant to barley shoot fly than checks and exhibit compensatory growth after shoot fly damage.

Published in Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20251104.12
Page(s) 81-86
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Kejewa, Malt Quality, Grain Yield, Disease Resistance

1. Introduction
Barley is a cool-season crop which grows at altitudes of about 3000 meter above sea level and commonly cultivated in stressed areas where soil erosion, occasional drought or frost limits the growth of other crops and. Ethiopia is the second largest barley producer in Africa, next to Morocco, accounting for about 25 percent of the total barley production in the continent . Barley production and consumption has a longstanding tradition in Ethiopia where the country is considered the centre of diversity or secondary origin of the crop with more than 15,000 accessions conserved in the gene bank. Barley has been malted, or germinated, prior to consumption for thousands of years. It has been documented that any barley having a sound, viable kernel will produce malt, but quality factors would be sacrificed in most cases .
In malting operations strict criteria are observed in the selection of barley for malting; among the major considerations paramount in the choice of barley for malting include genotypes, plumb seed, color brightness, a germinating capacity of greater than 96%, high extract (>80%), low protein (8-11.5%) and high friability (>70%) are the major criteria . One of the important criteria besides the quality traits in malt barley breeding is the yield capacity, disease resistance and stability across the environments . The national barley improvement program works to develop malt barley varieties that satisfy the quality requirements by the breweries and the malt factories. Therefore, the objective of this activity was to evaluate and release high yielding, lodging and diseases tolerant barley variety with acceptable malt quality.
2. Variety Origin and Evaluation
Kejewa (TOCTE/M112/6/VMORALESCBSS04M00436T-11M-0Y-0M-3M-0AP), a six rowed malt barley variety developed by the Sinana Agricultural Research Center (SARC). It was originally developed from ICARDA barley improvement research program lines through pure line selection methods to develop stable high yielding, good grain quality traits for malting and disease resistant. The material has been evaluated together with other genotypes in different breeding nurseries from 2018-2021 and then advanced to variety trial to see its varietal performance across locations and years in barley producing highlands areas. The variety was evaluated by National Variety Release committee and officially released for wider production in the major barley growing highland areas of the country.
3. Morphological and Agronomical Characters
Kejewa is six-rowed malt barley variety, erect growth habit with average days to heading and maturity date of 62 and 117 days, respectively (Table 1). The variety has medium plant height 91.1cm and this character is preferred by the local community for its tolerance to lodging problem in major barley growing areas. On the other hand, seed color is white and has average thousand-kernel weight of 23.6 g and test weight is 39.25 kg/hl (Table 1). It is also characterized by better resistance/tolerance to main biological insect pest (shoot fly) than the standard varieties (HB1963, Moeta and HB1964) and showed rapid compensatory growth after damage by the insect.
Table 1. Agronomic and morphological characteristics of newly released malt barley variety ‘Kejewa’. Agronomic and morphological characteristics of newly released malt barley variety ‘Kejewa’. Agronomic and morphological characteristics of newly released malt barley variety ‘Kejewa’.

No

Agronomical and Morphological Characteristics

1

Adaptation area

For high potential barley growing areas in Ethiopia

2

Altitude (m.a.s.l.)

2300-2600

3

Rainfall (mm)

750 – 1200

4

Seed Rate (Kg/ha)

100

5

Planting date

Mid of June to Early August

6

Days to Flower

61.7

7

Days to Maturity

117.3

8

Plant Height (cm)

91.1

9

1000 Seed Weight (gm)

23.56

10

Test weight(kg/hl)

39.25

11

Seed Color

White

12

Row Type

Six row

13

Growth habit

Erect

14

Crop pest reaction

Tolerant to major pests

15

Disease reaction

Moderately resistance to major barley diseases

16

Yield (t ha-1)

15.1. Research field: 2.2 to 6.0 t ha-1

15.2. Farmers field: 3.4 to 5.0 t ha-1

17

Spike density

Very dense

18

Seed size

Large

19

Year of release.

2024

20

Breeder/Maintainer

SARC/IQQO

4. Grain Yield Potential and Stability
Twenty one malt barley genotypes along with three standard checks were evaluated at Sinana, Robe, Adet and Jima during 2022-2023 cropping seasons. Combined analysis of variance depicted that the candidate genotype Kejewa (TOCTE/M112/6/VMORALESCBSS04M00436T-11M-0Y-0M-3M-0AP) gave the highest grain yield with range of 2.2 to 6.0t/ha on the research field whereas it gives 3.4 to 5.0 t/ha on farmers field. The candidate variety was among the top ranking genotype in grain yield potential across most of the testing environments. The newly released variety has grain yield advantages over the standard checks, (Moeta, HB1963 and HB1964) varieties of the respective locations were 20.7%, 22.6% and 33.7%, respectively.
Stability analysis was done on grain yield using21 malt barley genotypes including checks were studied for two years across four locations. According to joint regression model, a variety with high mean yield, regression coefficient (bi) of unity and with deviation from regression (S2di) =0 is stable . , and In this regard, Kejewa is stable variety with high mean grain yield, regression coefficient (bi) of 0.95 which is nearly unity and deviation from regression of 0.06 which is equivalent to zero. Therefore, it has shown stable yield performance across locations of evaluation as well as higher mean grain yield over check varieties Moeta, HB1963 and HB1964.
5. Disease and Shoot Fly Resistance
Kejewawas evaluated for resistance to major barley diseases such as net blotch (PyrenophorateresDrechs.), scald (RhynchosporiumsecalisOud.), stem rust (Pucciniagraminisf , and . sp. Tritici) and barley leaf rust (PucciniahordeiOtth) at across all environments in fields under natural infection from 2020 to 2021 cropping session. The resistance level of the new variety was better than the standard checks for leaf rust, stem rust and net blotch and comparable for scald and shoot fly.
Table 2. Summary of Disease data of Kejewa and the check varieties tested in malt barley national variety trial through 2020 to 2021 averaged across 4 locations. Summary of Disease data of Kejewa and the check varieties tested in malt barley national variety trial through 2020 to 2021 averaged across 4 locations. Summary of Disease data of Kejewa and the check varieties tested in malt barley national variety trial through 2020 to 2021 averaged across 4 locations.

Diseases/insects or other hazard

HB1963

Moeta

HB 1964

Kejewa

Net blotch

79

75

80

71.4

Stem Rust (% & reaction)

15S

Trsms

10MS

Trsms

Leaf Rust (% & reaction)

10MS

10MS

5MS

5MS

Scald (0-5)

0

0

0

0

Shoot fly infestation

0

0

0

0

S-Susceptible, MS-Moderately Susceptible, Tr- trace level.
6. Malt Quality Evaluation
Table 3. Summary of laboratory analysis for major malt barley quality traits. Summary of laboratory analysis for major malt barley quality traits. Summary of laboratory analysis for major malt barley quality traits.

QualityTraits

Kejewa

HB1963

Moeta

HB 1964

Malt Extract

82.5

83.5

82.2

82.4

Friability

67.6

67.0

59.8

64.5

Protein

10.8

10.7

11.6

11.6

Kejewa, HB1963, Moetaand HB1964 were evaluated for important malt quality traits. The malting profile for Kejewa is better than checks for kernel weight, plump kernels, hectoliter weight and grain protein content. The variety is characterized by having low percent of protein content which were in the accepted range. Desirable protein content range for 2-rowed barley is 9.0-11.0% and for 6-rowed barley is 9.0-11.5% . Kejewa has shown relatively high percentage of malt extract to standard check (Table 3). The grain and malt quality trait analysis result of the variety are very similar to those of the malt factory standard.
7. Adaptation
Kejewa variety is recommended for production in the major barley producing highland areas of the country with annual rainfall of about 650 -1600mm and areas with similar agro-ecologies. On black soils, 100 kg NPS and 100 kg urea fertilizer is recommended to give good yield and with 100 kg seed rate. In addition, the variety can be planted early March for Ganna season and early August for Bona season.
8. Conclusion
Kejewa is superior variety compared with the standard checks in grain yield performance in the multi-location trials across the testing environments with good quality attribute and yield stability. It has better agronomic performance with moderate tolerance to leaf diseases as compared to the standard checks. Hence, cultivation of the new variety is recommended in major barley growing areas of the country having similar climatic conditions with the testing sites.
Abbreviations

DH

Day to Heading

DM

Day to Maturity

FR

Friability

GY

Grain Yield

HLW

Hectoliter Weight

LG

Lodging

M.A.S.L

Meter Above Sea Level

ME

Malt Extract

MS

Moderately Susceptible

NB

Net Bloch

PH

Plant Height

PR

Protein

SARC

Sinana Agricultural Research Center

ST

Stand Percent

TKW

Thousand Kernel Trial

Acknowledgments
The authors thank the Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute (EARI) and Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI) for offering facilities to carry out this research. We also thank the staff of collaborating Agricultural Research Centers (Holeta, Kulumsa and D/Markos) for their assistance in trial management and data collection.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Appendix
Table 4. Combined Mean of agronomic performance and disease reactions of 21 MB genotypes tested in National Variety Trial in2020 and 2021.

Pedigree

Entry

DH

DM

PH

GY

TKW

HLW

ST

Lodg

NB

ME

FR

PR

COMINO/3/MATICO/JET//SHYRI/4/ALELI/5/SCARLETT CBSS01M00037S-10M-1M-1Y-1M-0Y

1

61.86

118.14

94.68

2903.85

28.98

38.49

12.86

1.19

31.81

82.4

65.4

11.0

Rhn-03/3/Mar25-84/Att/Mari/Aths*302/4/Ssn/Badia//Arar/3Gloria'S'/Copal'S'ICB05-0304-9AP-0AP

2

54.38

108.43

85.70

3438.63

26.72

37.93

11.19

0.00

33.43

80.2

62.6

11.3

W13257/4/ALISO/CI3909.2//HB602/3/MOLA/SHYRI//ARUPO*2JET

3

61.38

114.24

83.77

3039.89

28.15

44.94

12.38

1.19

34.38

95.9

108.1

8.2

LBIRAN/UNA80//LIGNEE640/3LEGACYICB09-1444-0AP-0TR--0AP--0TR-0AP-0TR

4

58.95

116.43

98.69

3217.80

33.32

41.70

13.10

0.48

33.10

81.5

66.3

12.1

TOCTE/M112/6/V MORALES CBSS04M00436T-11M-0Y-0M-3M-0AP

5

61.67

117.29

91.09

4638.22

23.56

39.25

13.10

0.00

30.52

82.5

67.6

10.8

ABN-B/KC-B//RAISA/3/ALELI/4/FNC 122/DEFRA CBSS01M00037S-40M-1M-2Y-1M-0Y

6

63.33

118.14

100.12

3235.20

26.10

41.40

12.62

1.67

34.14

83.7

67.4

10.4

Aw-Black/Aths//Arar/3/9Cr279-07/Roho/6/Alanda 01/5/CIO1021/4/CM67/U.Sask1800/Pro/CM67/3/DL70 ICB95-0204-0AP-20AP- 0AP--5AP--0AP-8AP-0AP

7

58.81

111.76

88.69

3064.69

24.70

28.48

11.90

0.00

33.90

79.1

60.9

11.9

ESMMERLAND/PALTON CBSS01M00100S-22M-M-1Y-1M-0Y

8

64.52

116.48

91.71

3335.97

24.37

38.02

12.86

0.00

32.05

82.5

68.3

11.5

Pentunia 1/Malt 2 icb-1323-0AP-0TR-0AP-OTR-0AP-0TR

9

58.57

109.71

102.70

3645.76

25.81

39.31

12.86

0.00

32.19

84.4

79.3

10.4

AF9216/3/ZHEDAR#1/SHYRI//OLMO CBSS02Y00205S-0M-0M-3Y-1M-0Y

10

65.19

117.14

95.46

3545.06

30.83

41.56

12.38

0.00

31.62

82.3

61.9

11.0

PFC9202/3/AZAF/KYOTO NAKATE//ALELI CBSS02Y00225S-0M-0M-1Y-1Y-1M-0Y

11

62.86

116.67

98.37

3184.39

28.57

42.35

12.86

0.00

30.33

83.3

68.1

11.0

MERIT B/BCD47//CANELA CBSS02WM00045T-0TOPM-20Y-1M-1Y-1M-0Y

12

62.95

114.52

104.18

3233.21

27.95

41.82

13.33

0.71

30.57

82.4

70.0

11.2

LENT/LACEY CBSS04M00117S-0M-0Y-0M-0Y-2M-0AP

13

62.86

117.43

89.40

3532.52

24.48

39.64

13.33

0.71

32.24

80.6

63.0

11.6

MSEL/DEFRA/CL 128 CBSS01M00031S-15M-2M-1Y-1M-0Y-0AP

14

63.57

116.76

94.43

3281.34

25.79

40.18

12.86

0.48

34.19

84.6

82.8

10.6

MSEL/DEFRA/CL 128 CBSS01M00031S-72M-2M-1Y-1M-0Y

15

60.86

113.71

89.08

3199.16

21.43

40.10

13.57

0.00

32.19

81.1

61.7

11.5

CANCELA/E.ACACIA/DEFRA CBSS02M00022S-47M-2M--4Y-1M-0Y

16

59.90

115.95

96.39

3827.66

27.30

41.39

12.86

1.19

32.90

82.9

68.8

11.7

Rhn-03/OsirisICB04-1263-0AP--99AP-0AP

17

59.29

111.33

90.09

3564.68

28.66

37.27

11.67

0.71

34.29

78.6

56.4

11.5

MERIT B/BCD47//CANELA CBSS04Y00345T-C-1Y-3M-0Y-0M-0Y

18

64.95

112.43

90.50

3084.49

27.87

38.84

12.86

0.00

34.90

81.5

66.0

11.2

HB-1963

19

68.81

119.10

98.50

3589.05

28.94

38.02

13.10

0.24

30.14

83.5

67.0

10.7

Moeta

20

58.90

112.95

90.66

3675.80

23.83

40.39

13.57

2.86

31.90

82.2

59.8

11.6

HB-1964

21

63.19

118.05

98.40

3075.46

31.54

38.63

12.86

0.71

32.10

82.4

64.5

11.6

Mean

61.75

115.08

93.93

3395.8

27.09

39.51

12.77

0.58

32.52

82.7

68.4

11.1

CV

5.66

1.31

6.84

16.17

7.22

4.04

14.4

2.3

14.8

6.5

LSD

0.67

0.28

1.23

105.1

0.37

0.31

0.35

0.75

0.9

0.69

3.70

0.26

*DTH-Days to heading, DTM- Days to maturity, PH(cm)- Plant height, GFP(%)- Stand, GY(kg/ha)- Yield per hectare, TKWThousand seed weight, HLW- hecto litter weight, NB(00-99)- Net blotch, ST= Stand Count, Lodg=Lodging, NB=Net Bloch, ME=Malt Extract, FR = Friability, PR =protein
References
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  • APA Style

    Sebsibe, H., Tadesse, E. (2025). The Release and Registration of “Kejewa” Malt Barley (HordeumdistichonL.) Variety. Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care, 11(4), 81-86. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20251104.12

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    ACS Style

    Sebsibe, H.; Tadesse, E. The Release and Registration of “Kejewa” Malt Barley (HordeumdistichonL.) Variety. J. Fam. Med. Health Care 2025, 11(4), 81-86. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20251104.12

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    AMA Style

    Sebsibe H, Tadesse E. The Release and Registration of “Kejewa” Malt Barley (HordeumdistichonL.) Variety. J Fam Med Health Care. 2025;11(4):81-86. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20251104.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jfmhc.20251104.12,
      author = {Hiwot Sebsibe and Endeshaw Tadesse},
      title = {The Release and Registration of “Kejewa” Malt Barley (HordeumdistichonL.) Variety},
      journal = {Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care},
      volume = {11},
      number = {4},
      pages = {81-86},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jfmhc.20251104.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20251104.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfmhc.20251104.12},
      abstract = {Kejewais a common name for newly released six row type malt barley (HordeiumvulgareL.) variety with a pedigree designation of TOCTE/M112/6/VMORALES CBSS04 M00436T-11M-0Y-0M-3M-0AP. The variety has been developed and released by Sinana agricultural research center for commercial production in the high potential barley growing areas. It has been tested at Sinana, Robe, Adet and Jima areas during 2022-2023 main cropping seasons. Kejewa showed high mean grain yield, tolerant to major barley disease and relatively stable across locations and years than the standard checks (HB1963, Moeta and HB1964) with good physical and malting quality acceptable for industrial demand. The malt quality parameters including malt extract, protein content and friability were evaluate and comparative to the standard sated by the malt factories for malt production in the country. Kejewa was tolerant to barley shoot fly than checks and exhibit compensatory growth after shoot fly damage.},
     year = {2025}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Release and Registration of “Kejewa” Malt Barley (HordeumdistichonL.) Variety
    AU  - Hiwot Sebsibe
    AU  - Endeshaw Tadesse
    Y1  - 2025/12/30
    PY  - 2025
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20251104.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20251104.12
    T2  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
    JF  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
    JO  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
    SP  - 81
    EP  - 86
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-8342
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20251104.12
    AB  - Kejewais a common name for newly released six row type malt barley (HordeiumvulgareL.) variety with a pedigree designation of TOCTE/M112/6/VMORALES CBSS04 M00436T-11M-0Y-0M-3M-0AP. The variety has been developed and released by Sinana agricultural research center for commercial production in the high potential barley growing areas. It has been tested at Sinana, Robe, Adet and Jima areas during 2022-2023 main cropping seasons. Kejewa showed high mean grain yield, tolerant to major barley disease and relatively stable across locations and years than the standard checks (HB1963, Moeta and HB1964) with good physical and malting quality acceptable for industrial demand. The malt quality parameters including malt extract, protein content and friability were evaluate and comparative to the standard sated by the malt factories for malt production in the country. Kejewa was tolerant to barley shoot fly than checks and exhibit compensatory growth after shoot fly damage.
    VL  - 11
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Cereal Breeding, Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Bale-Robe, Ethiopia

  • Department of Cereal Breeding, Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Bale-Robe, Ethiopia